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NATIONAL MINERALS INDUSTRY SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT GUIDELINE (NMISHRAG)

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CHAPTER 4

4.1.4

Selecting the Risk Assessment Method - the Means of Systematically Identifying the Risk

To identify the specific unwanted events select the appropriate Risk Identification method or tool. THIS IS A KEY ISSUE. It is important to match the Objective (Expected Deliverable, System & Issue) to the risk identification method or tool.

The following information identifies relevant methods or tools for the previously outlined deliverables firstly by listing some of the relevant risk assessment techniques, then by suggesting the deliverables with which these can assist and, finally by providing links to good sources of further in formation on these techniques.

The most relevant risk assessment techniques from the suggested deliverables are as follows:

   Informal Risk Assessment (RA) - (Team: Local workgroup) general identification and
   communication of hazards and risks in a task by applying a way of thinking, often with no
   documentation. See section 4.11.L and Appendix C

   Job Safety / Hazard Analysis (JSA / JHA) - (Team: Local workgroup) general identification of
   hazards and controls in a specific task, usually for determining the basis of a Standard Work
   Practice (SOP). See Appendix G

Energy Barrier Analysis (EBA) - (Team: Multi-disciplinary with facilitator) detailed analysis of
determining phases of events and control mechanisms. See Appendix G

   Consequence Analysis - (Team: multi-disciplinary with facilitator) general to detailed
   understanding of the magnitude of unwanted events with potential to apply quantitative analysis.
   See Appendix G

   Preliminary Hazard Analysis / Hazard Analysis / Workplace Risk Assessment and
   Control (PHA/HAZAN/WRAC) - (Team: varies depending on application, could be project team
   or local workgroup) general identification of priority risk issues / events, often to determine the
   need for further detailed study. See Appendix G

Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) - (Team: Multi-disciplinary with facilitator) Systematic
identification of hazards in a processing design. See Appendix G

   Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) - (Team: Analyst working with input from local workplace group)
   detailed analysis of contributors to major unwanted events, potentially using quantitative
   methods. See section 4.1.5.1.b

   Event Tree Analysis (ETA) - (Team: Analyst working with data from local workplace group)
   detailed analysis of the development of major unwanted events, potentially using quantitative
   methods. See section 4.1.5.1.b

   Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) - (Team: Facilitator with local
   workplace or project group) general to detailed analysis of component reliability risks.
   See Appendix G

   Human Error Analysis (HEA) - (Team: Analyst working with input from local workplace group)
   general or detailed analysis of human factors or reliability issues. See Appendix G

   Level of Protection Analysis (LOPA) - (Team: LOPA specialist with input from
   multidisciplinary team) a special form of event tree that is optimised for determining the
   frequency of an unwanted event that can be protected by one or more independent protection
   layers. See section 4.1.5.1.b

The Table 4.4 suggests the risk assessment techniques that can help achieve the previously discussed project or site deliverables.

Table 4.9 Risk assessment tools for potential deliverables/objectives

Informal Risk Assessment

http://passinc.net/components.html

Job Safety or Hazard Analysis (JSA / JHA)

http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/hsprograms/job-haz.html

http://www.acusafe.com/Hazard_Analysis/OSHA_JSA_3071.pdf

http://www.inel.gov/procurement/forms-documents/432-58-r4.pdf

http://www.workcover.vic.gov.au/vwa/home.nsf/pages/so_construction_jsa

http://www.osha-slc.gov/SLTC/etools/oilandgas/job_safety_analysis_process.html

Energy Barrier Analysis

http://tis.eh.doe.gov/analysis/trac/29/trac29.html

Consequence Analysis

http://www.sverdrup.com/safety/cause.pdf

Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) or Workplace Risk Assessment and Control (WRAC)

http://www.sverdrup.com/safety/pha.pdf

Hazard and Operability Studies (HAZOP)

http://slp.icheme.org/hazops.html

http://www.acusafe.com/Hazard_Analysis/Hazard_Analysis-HAZOP.htm

NSW Department of Urban Affairs and Planning, 1995. Hazard and Operability Studies, Hazardous Industries Planning Advisory Paper No 8. ISBN 0 7310 3080 X. This useful resource is only available as a hardcopy. The publication can be purchased online (http://www.planning.nsw.gov.au) or alternatively contact the Department to order.

Fault Tree Analysis

http://reliability.sandia.gov/Reliability/Fault_Tree_Analysis/fault_tree_analysis.html

http://www.sverdrup.com/safety/fta.pdf

http://web2.concordia.ca/Quality/tools/15fta.pdf

Event Tree Analysis

http://www.sverdrup.com/safety/eventtree.pdf

Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA)

http://www.relexsoftware.com/reliability/fmea.asp

http://www.acusafe.com/Hazard_Analysis/Hazard_Analysis-fmea.htm

Human Error Analysis (HEA)

http://www.ida.liu.se/~eriho/WhatIsHRA_M.htm

http://www.ida.liu.se/~eriho/Publications_O.htm
      Click on "Downloads" and select the following documents:
            - Hollnagel, E., Pedersen, O. M. & Rasmussen, J. (1981) (7.6 MB)
              Notes on Human Performance Analysis
            - Hollnagel, E. (1983) (78 KB)
              Position paper for NATO Conference on Human Error

N J Bahr “System Safety Engineering and Risk Assessment: A Practical Approach”
Section 8.2 Human Factors Analysis Publisher Taylor and Francis ISBN 1-56032-416-3

Levels of Protection Analysis (LOPA)

Centre for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS), 2001. Layer of Protection Analysis: Simplified Process Risk Assessment, Pub No: G-66, American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE, New York, NY. ISBN No: 0-8169-0811-7. The publication can be purchased online (http://www.aiche.org/pubcat/seadtl.asp?ACT=S&Title=ON&srchText=layer+of+protection+
analysis) or alternatively contact the AIChE Customer Service to order the publication.

A. M. Dowell and D. C. Hendshot, Rohm and Haas Company, 2002. Simplified Risk Analysis - Layer of protection Analysis (LOPA), National Meeting Paper 281a. American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE.

E. M. Marszal and E. W. Scharpf, Systematic Safety Integrity Level Selection (with Layer of Protection Analysis), ISA Publications. This reference is only available as a hardcopy. The publication can be purchased online (http://www.isa.org/Template.cfm?Section=Books&Template=/Ecommerce/ProductDisplay.
cfm&ProductID=4517).

The quality of Risk Assessment deliverables is greatly influenced by selecting the
right method to review the system or issue identified by the Objective. THIS IS A KEY ISSUE.

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For more information about the risk assessment guidelines (NMISHRAG) please contact the author:

Prof Jim Joy
Director, Minerals Industry Safety and Health Centre (MISHC)
Phone: 3365 8334
E-mail: j.joy@mishc.uq.edu.au

4.1.4 is part of
National Minerals Industry Risk Assessment Guideline (NMISHRAG)

| LESSONS LEARNED| CASE STUDIES| USEFUL LINKS|

This document was last reviewed on 14/1/2005

Minerals Industry Safety & Health Centre (MISHC)
The University of Queensland
Brisbane, Queensland 4072 Australia
E-mail: mishc@mishc.uq.edu.au Phone:(61) 7 3365 9787
Created by: Dr Guldidar V Kizil E-mail: g.kizil@mishc.uq.edu.au
Authorised by: Prof Jim Joy
Last Modified:14/1/2005
@Minerals Industry Safety & Health Centre (MISHC)

Provides examples or illustrations of problems that can arise throughout the risk assessment process. They are mostly examples of past issues in the minerals industry.

Lessons Learned
Case Studies
Useful Links